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Cognitive password
A cognitive password is a form of knowledge-based authentication that requires a user to answer a question, presumably something they intrinsically know, to verify their identity. Cognitive password systems have been researched for many years and are currently commonly used as a form of secondary access. They were developed to overcome the common memorability vs. strength problem that exists with the traditional password. Cognitive passwords, when compared to other password systems, can be measured through the usage of a memorability vs. guessability ratio.
==History==
Research on passwords as an authentification method has struggled between memorability and strong security.〔(Zviran and Haga, 1990a, p. 724)〕 Passwords that are easily remembered are easily cracked by attackers. On the other hand strong passwords are difficult to crack but also difficult to remember.〔(Zviran and Elrich, 2006, p. 93)〕 When passwords are difficult to remember, users may write them down, and the secrecy of the password is compromised.〔(Zviran and Haga, 1999, p. 173)〕 Early research into this tradeoff between security and usability aimed to develop a password system that utilized easily remembered personal facts and encouraged user participation. This line of research resulted in the concept of the associative password, a password system based on user selected cues and responses.〔(Smith, 1987)〕 This concept of associative passwords was extended to a pre-specified set of questions and answers that users would be expected to know and could easily recall.〔(Zviran and Haga, 1990a, p.723)〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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